{"id":501,"date":"2025-11-17T17:19:33","date_gmt":"2025-11-17T09:19:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.keruone.cn\/?p=501"},"modified":"2025-11-17T17:19:33","modified_gmt":"2025-11-17T09:19:33","slug":"linux_learning_1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.keruone.cn\/index.php\/2025\/11\/17\/linux_learning_1\/","title":{"rendered":"Linux\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u5f00\u53d1\u5b66\u4e60\u5c0f\u8bb01\uff1a\u542f\u52a8\u6d41\u7a0b\u3001C\u73af\u5883\u3001\u94fe\u63a5\u811a\u672c"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1>Linux\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u5f00\u53d1\u5b66\u4e60\u5c0f\u8bb01\uff1a\u542f\u52a8\u6d41\u7a0b\u3001C\u73af\u5883\u3001\u94fe\u63a5\u811a\u672c<\/h1>\n<p>keruone 2025 11 07<br \/>\n\u8bbe\u5907 \u6b63\u70b9\u539f\u5b50I.MX6U-MINI<\/p>\n\n<hr \/>\n<h2>1. i.MX6ULL SD \u5361\u542f\u52a8\u6d41\u7a0b<\/h2>\n<h3>\u9636\u6bb5 1\uff1aBoot ROM \u542f\u52a8\uff08\u786c\u4ef6\u5c42\u9762\uff09<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u590d\u4f4d\u89e6\u53d1<\/strong>\uff1a\u82af\u7247\u4e0a\u7535\u6216\u590d\u4f4d\u540e\uff0cCPU \u4ece\u5185\u90e8\u56fa\u5316 Boot ROM \u8d77\u59cb\u5730\u5740\u5f00\u59cb\u6267\u884c<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u6700\u5c0f\u521d\u59cb\u5316<\/strong>\uff1a\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5185\u90e8 SRAM\u3001\u7cfb\u7edf\u65f6\u949f\u3001SD \u5361\u63a7\u5236\u5668\u7b49\u57fa\u7840\u786c\u4ef6<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u542f\u52a8\u4ecb\u8d28\u9009\u62e9<\/strong>\uff1a\u6839\u636e BootCFG \u5f15\u811a\u7535\u5e73\u786e\u5b9a\u4ece SD \u5361\u542f\u52a8<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u9636\u6bb5 2\uff1a\u8bfb\u53d6 IVT\uff08\u955c\u50cf\u5411\u91cf\u8868\uff09<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u5b9a\u4f4d IVT<\/strong>\uff1a\u4ece SD \u5361\u56fa\u5b9a\u504f\u79fb\u5730\u5740\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u662f 1KB \u5904\uff0c\u5373\u6247\u533a 2 \u7684\u5f00\u59cb\uff09\u8bfb\u53d6 IVT<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u9a8c\u8bc1\u955c\u50cf<\/strong>\uff1a\u68c0\u67e5 IVT \u7ed3\u6784\u662f\u5426\u7b26\u5408 i.MX \u89c4\u8303<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u89e3\u6790\u5730\u5740<\/strong>\uff1a\u4ece IVT \u4e2d\u83b7\u53d6\uff1a\n<ul>\n<li>\u955c\u50cf\u5728 RAM \u4e2d\u7684\u52a0\u8f7d\u5730\u5740<\/li>\n<li>DCD\uff08Device Configuration Data\uff09\u5730\u5740<\/li>\n<li>\u7528\u6237\u4ee3\u7801\u5165\u53e3\u5730\u5740<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u9636\u6bb5 3\uff1a\u955c\u50cf\u590d\u5236\u5230 RAM<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u8ba1\u7b97\u5927\u5c0f<\/strong>\uff1a\u6839\u636e IVT \u548c Boot Data \u786e\u5b9a\u5b8c\u6574\u955c\u50cf\u5927\u5c0f<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u6574\u4f53\u590d\u5236<\/strong>\uff1a\u5c06 SD \u5361\u4e2d\u4ece IVT \u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u6574\u4e2a\u955c\u50cf\uff08IVT+DCD+\u7528\u6237\u4ee3\u7801\uff09\u590d\u5236\u5230 RAM \u6307\u5b9a\u5730\u5740<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u9636\u6bb5 4\uff1a\u6267\u884c DCD \u914d\u7f6e<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u89e3\u6790 DCD<\/strong>\uff1aBoot ROM \u89e3\u6790 RAM \u4e2d\u7684 DCD \u8868\u683c<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u786c\u4ef6\u914d\u7f6e<\/strong>\uff1a\u6839\u636e DCD \u6307\u4ee4\u914d\u7f6e\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\uff08DDR \u65f6\u5e8f\u3001\u65f6\u949f\u3001\u5f15\u811a\u590d\u7528\u7b49\uff09<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5b8c\u6210\u521d\u59cb\u5316<\/strong>\uff1a\u786e\u4fdd\u786c\u4ef6\uff08\u7279\u522b\u662f DDR\uff09\u6b63\u5e38\u5de5\u4f5c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u9636\u6bb5 5\uff1a\u8df3\u8f6c\u5230\u7528\u6237\u4ee3\u7801<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u8df3\u8f6c\u6267\u884c<\/strong>\uff1aCPU \u8df3\u8f6c\u5230 IVT \u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u7528\u6237\u4ee3\u7801\u5165\u53e3\u5730\u5740<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5f00\u59cb\u6267\u884c<\/strong>\uff1a\u6267\u884c <code>_start<\/code> \u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u8fdb\u5165\u7528\u6237\u7a0b\u5e8f\u903b\u8f91<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u6838\u5fc3\u8981\u70b9<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>DCD \u662f\u6570\u636e\u8868\u683c<\/strong>\uff1a\u4e0d\u662f\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u914d\u7f6e\u4fe1\u606f<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u6574\u4f53\u52a0\u8f7d<\/strong>\uff1a\u955c\u50cf\u5b8c\u6574\u590d\u5236\u5230 RAM \u540e\u7edf\u4e00\u8bbf\u95ee<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5730\u5740\u5173\u8054<\/strong>\uff1a\u94fe\u63a5\u5730\u5740\u5fc5\u987b\u4e0e\u52a0\u8f7d\u5730\u5740\u4e00\u81f4<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>2. C\u8bed\u8a00\u8fd0\u884c\u73af\u5883\u6784\u5efa<\/h2>\n<h3>\u9636\u6bb5 1\uff1a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5904\u7406\u5668\u6a21\u5f0f<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5904\u4e8e SVC(supervisor) \u7279\u6743\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u53ef\u8bbf\u95ee\u5168\u90e8\u8d44\u6e90<\/li>\n<li>CPSR \u5bc4\u5b58\u5668[4:0]\u4f4d\uff0c\u53ef\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u6a21\u5f0f\n<ul>\n<li>\u5176\u4e2d0b10011\uff0c\u53730x13\u8868\u793a SVC \u6a21\u5f0f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u9636\u6bb5 2\uff1a\u8bbe\u7f6e sp \u6307\u9488\uff08\u53ef\u5185\u90e8\u3001\u5916\u90e8 RAM \uff09<\/h3>\n<blockquote><p>\n  \u5176\u4e2d\u518d\u542f\u52a8\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0cDCD\u5305\u542b\u521d\u59cb\u5316DDR\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5916\u90e8RAM<br \/>\n  i.MX6ULL\u7684DDR\u8d77\u59cb\u5730\u5740\u4f4d 0x80000000<br \/>\n  &#8211; \u5982\u679c\u662f 256M\uff0c\u7ed3\u675f\u5730\u5740\u4e3a 0x8FFFFFFF<br \/>\n  &#8211; \u5982\u679c\u662f 512M\uff0c\u7ed3\u675f\u5730\u5740\u4e3a 0x9FFFFFFF<br \/>\n  &#8211; sp \u6307\u9488 \u53ef\u5728 DDR \u8303\u56f4\u5185\uff08\u6ce8\u610f\u6574\u4e2a\u6808\u4e0d\u80fd\u8d85\u8fc7DDR\u8303\u56f4\u5916\uff09<br \/>\n  &#8211; \u6ce8\u610f\u4e3a\u9012\u51cf\u6ee1\u6808\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<h3>\u9636\u6bb5 3\uff1a\u8df3\u8f6c\u5230 C \u8bed\u8a00<\/h3>\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528 b \u6307\u4ee4\u8df3\u8f6c\u5230main<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\n  b\u6307\u4ee4\u4e3acortex-A\u6c47\u7f16\u4ee3\u7801\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>3. \u94fe\u63a5\u811a\u672c<\/h2>\n<h3>3.1 \u5f15\u5b50<\/h3>\n<p>\u76f4\u63a5\u7684makefile\u94fe\u63a5\u811a\u672c\u4e3a<br \/>\n<code>arm-linux-gnueabihf-ld -Ttext 0x87800000 $^ -o xxxx.elf<\/code><br \/>\n\u4e0a\u8ff0\u547d\u4ee4\u901a\u8fc7 -Ttext \u9009\u9879\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e86\u4ee3\u7801\u6bb5\uff08.text\uff09\u7684\u8d77\u59cb\u865a\u62df\u5730\u5740\u4e3a 0x87800000\u3002\u94fe\u63a5\u5668\u4f1a\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5730\u5740\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4f9d\u6b21\u653e\u7f6e\u4ee3\u7801\u6bb5\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7136\u800c\uff0c-Ttext \u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u53ea\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6700\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u94fe\u63a5\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5f80\u5f80\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5e03\u5c40\u8fdb\u884c\u66f4\u7cbe\u7ec6\u7684\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<br \/>\n&#8211; \u5c06\u4ee3\u7801\u6bb5\uff08.text\uff09\u653e\u7f6e\u5728 Flash \u6216 ROM \u4e2d\u3002<br \/>\n&#8211; \u5c06\u5df2\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6bb5\uff08.data\uff09\u653e\u7f6e\u5728 RAM \u4e2d\u3002<br \/>\n&#8211; \u5c06\u672a\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6bb5\uff08.bss\uff09\u4e5f\u653e\u7f6e\u5728 RAM \u4e2d\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u80fd\u5728 .data \u4e4b\u540e\u3002<br \/>\n&#8211; \u5c06\u53ea\u8bfb\u6570\u636e\uff08.rodata\uff09\u653e\u7f6e\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u7684 Flash \u533a\u57df\u3002<br \/>\n&#8211; \u4e3a\u4e86\u6ee1\u8db3\u8fd9\u79cd\u5c06\u4e0d\u540c\u6bb5\uff08sections\uff09\u653e\u7f6e\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u5185\u5b58\u533a\u57df\u7684\u590d\u6742\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u94fe\u63a5\u811a\u672c\uff08Linker Script\uff09 \u6587\u4ef6\u6765\u8be6\u7ec6\u63cf\u8ff0\u8fd9\u79cd\u5e03\u5c40\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>3.2 \u57fa\u7840\u6982\u5ff5\u4ecb\u7ecd<\/h3>\n<p>\u5728\u8bb2\u94fe\u63a5\u811a\u672c\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5f97\u5148\u641e\u6e05\u695a .text\u3001.data\u3001.bss \u8fd9\u4e9b\u201c\u6bb5\u201d\uff08Section\uff09\u662f\u5565\u3002<br \/>\n\u8fd9\u5f97\u4ece\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7f16\u8bd1\u540e\u7684\u201c\u6837\u5b50\u201d\u8bf4\u8d77\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u719f\u6089\u7684\u201c\u9884\u5904\u7406\u3001\u7f16\u8bd1\u3001\u6c47\u7f16\u3001\u94fe\u63a5\u201d\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u94fe\u63a5\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u751f\u6210\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\uff08.o \u6587\u4ef6\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\u91cc\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u65b9\u4fbf\u7ba1\u7406\u4e0d\u540c\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5c31\u628a\u4ee3\u7801\u548c\u6570\u636e\u5206\u95e8\u522b\u7c7b\u5730\u653e\u8fdb\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u201c\u6bb5\u201d\u91cc\u3002<br \/>\n&#8211; .text \u6bb5\uff1a\u5b58\u653e\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u4f60\u7684 C\/C++ \u4ee3\u7801\u7f16\u8bd1\u540e\u751f\u6210\u7684\u673a\u5668\u7801\u3002\u8fd9\u90e8\u5206\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u53ea\u8bfb\u7684\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u7a0b\u5e8f\u610f\u5916\u4fee\u6539\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u3002<br \/>\n&#8211; .data \u6bb5\uff1a\u5b58\u653e\u5df2\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7684\u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cf\u548c\u9759\u6001\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u4ec0\u4e48\u53eb\u201c\u5df2\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u201d\uff1f\u5c31\u662f\u4f60\u5728\u4ee3\u7801\u91cc\u8fd9\u6837\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\uff1a<code>int global_var = 10;<\/code> \u6216 <code>static char str[] = \"hello\";<\/code>\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d8\u91cf\u6709\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u503c\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u503c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u88ab\u201c\u585e\u201d\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6587\u4ef6\u91cc\u3002<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\n  rodata \u5c31\u662f\u53ea\u8bfb\u6570\u636e (read only data)<br \/>\n  &#8211; .bss \u6bb5\uff1a\u5b58\u653e\u672a\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7684\u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cf\u548c\u9759\u6001\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u6bd4\u5982 <code>int uninit_var;<\/code> \u6216 <code>static float arr[100];<\/code>\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u6ca1\u6709\u521d\u59cb\u503c\uff08\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\u521d\u59cb\u503c\u662f 0\uff09\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6587\u4ef6\u91cc\u5360\u7528\u7a7a\u95f4\u6765\u5b58\u50a8\u4e00\u5806\u96f6\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u5728\u94fe\u63a5\u65f6\u9884\u7559\u51fa\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u5373\u53ef\u3002BSS \u7684\u5168\u79f0\u662f &#8220;Block Started by Symbol&#8221;\u3002<br \/>\n  \u26a0\ufe0f \u6ce8\u610f\uff1a\u8fd9\u91cc\u8bf4\u7684\u201c\u672a\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u201d\u662f\u6307\u5728\u6e90\u7801\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u663e\u5f0f\u8d4b\u503c\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e C \u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u50cf int x; \u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u58f0\u660e\uff0c\u5728\u7f16\u8bd1\u540e\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\uff08.o\uff09\u4e2d\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f1a\u76f4\u63a5\u8fdb\u5165 .bss \u6bb5\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u88ab\u6807\u8bb0\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u6b8a\u7684 COMMON \u7b26\u53f7\u3002\u94fe\u63a5\u5668\u5728\u6700\u7ec8\u94fe\u63a5\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u540c\u540d\u7684 COMMON \u7b26\u53f7\u5408\u5e76\uff0c\u5e76\u7edf\u4e00\u5206\u914d\u5230 .bss \u6bb5\u4e2d\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u673a\u5236\u5141\u8bb8\u5728\u591a\u4e2a\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u58f0\u660e\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u672a\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7684\u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u6d41\u7a0b\u662f\uff1a\u672a\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7684\u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cf (C\u6e90\u7801) \u2192 COMMON\u7b26\u53f7 (\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6.o) \u2192 .bss\u6bb5 (\u6700\u7ec8\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6)\u3002\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6807\u7b7e\uff08\u6bb5\u540d\uff09\u662f\u5728\u6c47\u7f16\u9636\u6bb5\uff08Assembly\uff09\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u3002 \u5f53\u6c47\u7f16\u5668\uff08assembler\uff09\u5904\u7406\u6c47\u7f16\u4ee3\u7801\uff08.s \u6216 .S \u6587\u4ef6\uff09\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u6839\u636e\u6c47\u7f16\u6307\u4ee4\u4e2d\u7684\u6307\u793a\uff08\u6bd4\u5982 .section .text\uff09\u5c06\u4ee3\u7801\u548c\u6570\u636e\u5206\u914d\u5230\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6bb5\u91cc\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u751f\u6210\u5305\u542b\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6bb5\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\uff08.o\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u94fe\u63a5\u5668\uff08Linker\uff09\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u628a\u591a\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\uff08.o\uff09\u548c\u5e93\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u5404\u79cd\u540c\u540d\u7684\u6bb5\u201c\u5408\u5e76\u201d\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u6700\u7ec8\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u5e93\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u51e0\u4e2a\u6bb5\uff0c\u5e76\u786e\u5b9a\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u7ec8\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u800c<strong>\u94fe\u63a5\u811a\u672c<\/strong>\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u7ed9\u94fe\u63a5\u5668\u7684\u4e00\u4efd\u201c\u5730\u56fe\u201d\uff0c\u7cbe\u786e\u6307\u5bfc\u5b83\u8981\u628a .text\u3001.data\u3001.bss \u7b49\u6bb5\u653e\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u54ea\u4e2a\u5730\u5740\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>3.3 \u7b80\u5355\u4ecb\u7ecd<\/h3>\n<pre><code class=\"language-lds line-numbers\">SECTIONS{\n    . = 0x10000000;\n    .text : {\n        start.o(.text)  \/* \u4f18\u5148\u653e start.o \u7684\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd _start \u5728\u6700\u524d *\/\n        main.o(.text)   \/* \u653e main.o \u7684\u4ee3\u7801 *\/\n        *(.text)        \/* \u5176\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u4ee3\u7801 *\/\n    }\n    . = 0x30000000;\n    .data ALIGN(4) : {*(.data)}\n    .bss ALIGN(4) : {*(.bss)}\n}\n\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u5176\u4e2d\uff1a<br \/>\n&#8211; <code>SECTIONS{}<\/code> \u662f\u5fc5\u4e0d\u53ef\u5c11\u7684<br \/>\n&#8211; \u5355\u4e2a <code>.<\/code> \u8868\u793a <strong>\u5b9a\u4f4d\u8ba1\u6570\u5668<\/strong>\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3a0\u3002\u76f4\u767d\u70b9\u8bb2\u5c31\u662f\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5728\u5b83\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u7247\u6bb5\u7684\u8d77\u59cb\u5730\u5740<br \/>\n&#8211; \u5355\u4e2a <code>.<\/code> \u4f7f\u7528 <code>=<\/code> \u5e76<code>;<\/code>\u7ed3\u5c3e\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u6bb5\u4f7f\u7528 <code>:<\/code> \u4e14\u65e0\u7279\u6b8a\u7b26\u53f7\u7ed3\u5c3e\u3002<br \/>\n&#8211; <code>*<\/code> \u8868\u793a\u901a\u914d\u7b26\uff0c\u5982 <code>*(.text)<\/code> \u8868\u793a <strong>\u6240\u6709\u8f93\u5165\u6587\u4ef6<\/strong> \u4e2d\u7684 <code>.text<\/code> \u6bb5\u3002\u5176\u5b83\u6bb5\u540c\u7406<br \/>\n&#8211; <code>ALIGN(n)<\/code>\u8868\u793a\u67d0\u4e2a\u6bb5\u7684\u8d77\u59cb\u5730\u5740\u505a\u5b57\u8282\u5bf9\u9f50\uff0c\u5373\u8d77\u59cb\u5730\u5740\u8981\u80fd\u88ab <code>n<\/code> \u6574\u9664<br \/>\n&#8211; \u5982\u4e0a\u6587\u793a\u4f8b <code>start.o(.text)<\/code>\u8868\u793astart.o\u6587\u4ef6\u7684<code>.text<\/code>\u6bb5\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\u5bf9\u4e8e\u540e\u6587\u7684\u901a\u914d\u7b26\uff0c\u94fe\u63a5\u5668\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u53bb\u91cd\u3002<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\n  \u5982\u679c\u4f60\u6ca1\u6709\u6dfb\u52a0\u7c7b\u4f3c<code>(.text)<\/code>\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u5199 start.o \u6216 main.o\uff08\u800c\u4e0d\u6307\u5b9a\u5177\u4f53\u6bb5\uff09\uff0c\u786e\u5b9e\u53ef\u80fd\u5c06\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684 <code>.data<\/code>\u3001<code>.bss<\/code> \u7b49\u975e\u4ee3\u7801\u6bb5\u4e5f\u6df7\u5165 <code>.text<\/code> \u6bb5\u4e2d\u3002\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<h3>3.4 \u7ed3\u5408\u6b63\u70b9\u539f\u5b50\u6848\u4f8b\u7ee7\u7eed\u5206\u6790<\/h3>\n<pre><code class=\"line-numbers\">SECTIONS{                                    \/* \u5f00\u59cb\u5b9a\u4e49\u8f93\u51fa\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u6bb5\uff08Sections\uff09\u5e03\u5c40 *\/\n    . = 0x87000000;                        \/* \u8bbe\u7f6e\u94fe\u63a5\u5668\u7684\u5f53\u524d\u4f4d\u7f6e\u8ba1\u6570\u5668\uff08Location Counter\uff09\u4e3a\u865a\u62df\u5730\u5740 0x87000000\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u540e\u7eed\u6240\u6709\u6bb5\u7684\u8d77\u59cb\u57fa\u51c6\u5730\u5740\u3002 *\/\n    .text :{                                 \/* \u5b9a\u4e49\u8f93\u51fa\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684 .text \u6bb5 *\/\n        start.o(.text)                      \/* \u5c06\u8f93\u5165\u6587\u4ef6 start.o \u4e2d\u7684 .text \u6bb5\u5185\u5bb9\u653e\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u5730\u5740\u8ba1\u6570\u5668\u6307\u5411\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e *\/\n        main.o(.text)                       \/* \u5c06\u8f93\u5165\u6587\u4ef6 main.o \u4e2d\u7684 .text \u6bb5\u5185\u5bb9\u7d27\u8ddf\u5728 start.o \u7684 .text \u6bb5\u4e4b\u540e *\/\n        *(.text)                            \/* \u5c06\u6240\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u8f93\u5165\u6587\u4ef6\uff08\u9664\u4e86\u4e0a\u9762\u660e\u786e\u5217\u51fa\u7684\uff09\u4e2d\u7684 .text \u6bb5\u5185\u5bb9\u653e\u5728\u540e\u9762 *\/\n    }                                       \/* .text \u6bb5\u5b9a\u4e49\u7ed3\u675f *\/\n    .rodata ALIGN(4) : {*(.rodata*)}        \/* \u5b9a\u4e49\u8f93\u51fa\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684 .rodata \u6bb5\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u5176\u8d77\u59cb\u5730\u5740\u6309 4 \u5b57\u8282\u5bf9\u9f50\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u8f93\u5165\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u540d\u79f0\u4ee5 .rodata \u5f00\u5934\u7684\u6bb5\uff08\u5982 .rodata, .rodata.str1.1 \u7b49\uff09\u5408\u5e76\u8fdb\u6765 *\/\n    .data ALIGN(4) : {*(.data)}             \/* \u5b9a\u4e49\u8f93\u51fa\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684 .data \u6bb5\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u5176\u8d77\u59cb\u5730\u5740\u6309 4 \u5b57\u8282\u5bf9\u9f50\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u8f93\u5165\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684 .data \u6bb5\u5185\u5bb9\u5408\u5e76\u8fdb\u6765 *\/\n    __bss_start = .;                        \/* \u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b26\u53f7 __bss_start\uff0c\u5176\u503c\u7b49\u4e8e\u5f53\u524d\u4f4d\u7f6e\u8ba1\u6570\u5668\uff08\u5373 .data \u6bb5\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\u7684\u5730\u5740\uff09\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u6807\u8bb0 .bss \u6bb5\u7684\u8d77\u59cb\u4f4d\u7f6e *\/\n    .bss ALIGN(4) : {*(.bss) *(COMMON)}     \/* \u5b9a\u4e49\u8f93\u51fa\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684 .bss \u6bb5\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u5176\u8d77\u59cb\u5730\u5740\u6309 4 \u5b57\u8282\u5bf9\u9f50\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u8f93\u5165\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684 .bss \u6bb5\u548c COMMON \u7b26\u53f7\uff08\u672a\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7684\u5168\u5c40\/\u9759\u6001\u53d8\u91cf\uff09\u5408\u5e76\u8fdb\u6765 *\/\n    __bss_end = .;                          \/* \u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b26\u53f7 __bss_end\uff0c\u5176\u503c\u7b49\u4e8e\u5f53\u524d\u4f4d\u7f6e\u8ba1\u6570\u5668\uff08\u5373 .bss \u6bb5\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\u7684\u5730\u5740\uff09\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u6807\u8bb0 .bss \u6bb5\u7684\u7ed3\u675f\u4f4d\u7f6e *\/\n}                                           \/* SECTIONS \u5757\u5b9a\u4e49\u7ed3\u675f *\/\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u8be6\u7ec6\u5185\u5bb9\u5df2\u5728\u6ce8\u91ca\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff1a<br \/>\n1. \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48 <code>COMMON<\/code> \u524d\u9762\u6ca1\u6709 &#8220;.&#8221;\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5982<code>.bss<\/code>\u4e4b\u7c7b\u7684\u6709?<br \/>\n    &#8211; <code>.bss<\/code> \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u6bb5\u540d\u201d\uff08section name\uff09\uff0c\u800c <code>COMMON<\/code> \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u4f2a\u6bb5\u540d\u201d\u6216\u201c\u7b26\u53f7\u7c7b\u540d\u201d\uff08symbol class\uff09\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u5b9e\u9645\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u6bb5\u3002<br \/>\n2. __bss_start \u548c __bss_end \u662f\u4e24\u4e2a\u7531\u94fe\u63a5\u5668\u811a\u672c\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u7b26\u53f7\uff08Symbol\uff09\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u672c\u8eab\u4e0d\u5360\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u4f46\u4f1a\u88ab\u8d4b\u4e88\u4e00\u4e2a\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\u503c\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u4e3aC\u8bed\u8a00\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u6216\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u63d0\u4f9b\u5173\u4e8e .bss \u6bb5\u4f4d\u7f6e\u548c\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u5173\u952e\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<br \/>\n3. \u5355\u4e2a<code>.<\/code> \u662f\u52a8\u6001\u53d8\u5316\u7684\uff1a\u5b83\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u6570\u5b57\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u968f\u7740\u94fe\u63a5\u5668\u5904\u7406\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6bb5\u800c\u4e0d\u65ad\u9012\u589e\u7684\u6307\u9488\u3002\u6bcf\u5904\u7406\u4e00\u4e2a\u6bb5\uff0c<code>.<\/code> \u5c31\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u8be5\u6bb5\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u3002<br \/>\n4. \u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u5404\u4e2a**\u6bb5\u540d**\u548c&#8221;:&#8221;\u4e4b\u95f4\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u7559\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u683c\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u4f1a\u62a5\u8bed\u6cd5\u9519\u8bef<\/p>\n<h3>3.5 \u94fe\u63a5\u811a\u672c\u540e command \u6a21\u6837<\/h3>\n<p>\u539f\u59cb\u811a\u672c\u4e3a\uff1a<br \/>\n<code>arm-linux-gnueabihf-ld -Ttext 0x87800000 $^ -o xxxx.elf<\/code><br \/>\n\u5047\u8bbe\u4f60\u7684\u811a\u672c\u53eb\u505a<code>yyy.lds<\/code>\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u73b0\u5728\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u6539\u4e3a\uff1a<br \/>\n<code>arm-linux-gnueabihf-ld -Tyyy.lds $^ -o xxxx.elf<\/code><\/p>\n<p>\u6b64\u65f6\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u653e\u5fc3\u4f7f\u7528<code>-O2<\/code>\u53c2\u6570\u4f18\u5316\u4e86\uff0c\u4e0d\u7136\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4<_start>\u4e0d\u5728\u6700\u5f00\u59cb<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Linux\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u5f00\u53d1\u5b66\u4e60\u5c0f\u8bb01\uff1a\u542f\u52a8\u6d41\u7a0b\u3001C\u73af\u5883\u3001\u94fe\u63a5\u811a\u672c keruone 2025 11 07 \u8bbe\u5907 \u6b63\u70b9\u539f [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[19],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-501","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-embedding_linux_study"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.keruone.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/501","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.keruone.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.keruone.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.keruone.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.keruone.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=501"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/blog.keruone.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/501\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":502,"href":"https:\/\/blog.keruone.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/501\/revisions\/502"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.keruone.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=501"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.keruone.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=501"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.keruone.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=501"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}