{"id":225,"date":"2025-01-24T15:41:48","date_gmt":"2025-01-24T07:41:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.keruone.cn\/?p=225"},"modified":"2025-02-05T18:01:23","modified_gmt":"2025-02-05T10:01:23","slug":"cs-basic-note-1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.keruone.cn\/index.php\/2025\/01\/24\/cs-basic-note-1\/","title":{"rendered":"CS Basic Note 1"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1>\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7cfb\u7edf\u57fa\u7840 \u8bfe\u7a0b\u7b14\u8bb0<\/h1>\n<p>Keruone<br \/>\n2025-1-23<\/p>\n<p>\u8bfe\u7a0b<a class=\"wp-editor-md-post-content-link\" href=\"https:\/\/jyywiki.cn\/ICS\/2020\/slides\/2.slides.html#\/\">PPT<\/a><br \/>\n\u8bfe\u7a0b<a class=\"wp-editor-md-post-content-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bilibili.com\/video\/BV1qa4y1j7xk\/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click&amp;vd_source=909872ff2170ce36790dcfcfae588d2f\">\u89c6\u9891<\/a><\/p>\n\n<hr \/>\n<h2>\u7f16\u8bd1\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/h2>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th align=\"center\">\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6<\/th>\n<th align=\"center\">\u7f16\u8bd1\u65b9\u6cd5<\/th>\n<th align=\"center\">\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\">.c<\/td>\n<td align=\"center\">gcc -E:\u9884\u5904\u7406<\/td>\n<td align=\"center\">.i<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\">.c\/.i<\/td>\n<td align=\"center\">gcc -S:\u6c47\u7f16<\/td>\n<td align=\"center\">.s<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\">.c\/.i\/.s<\/td>\n<td align=\"center\">gcc -c:\u7f16\u8bd1<\/td>\n<td align=\"center\">.o<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\">.c\/.i\/.s\/.o<\/td>\n<td align=\"center\">gcc:\u94fe\u63a5<\/td>\n<td align=\"center\">.out<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<blockquote><p>\n  .c \u6e90\u6587\u4ef6<br \/>\n  .i \u9884\u5904\u7406\u6587\u4ef6<br \/>\n  .s \u6c47\u7f16\u6587\u4ef6<br \/>\n  .o \u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6<br \/>\n  .out \u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>gcc \u8f93\u51fa out\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4e3a\uff1a gcc -o out a.c<br \/>\n\u5176\u4e2d -o \u8868\u793a\u8f93\u51fa\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u4e3a out<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2>\u67e5\u770b\u547d\u4ee4\u542b\u4e49<\/h2>\n<p>man \u547d\u4ee4<br \/>\n tldr \u547d\u4ee4<br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h2>gcc \u7f16\u8bd1\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/h2>\n<details>\n<summary>\u539f\u59cb\u8f93\u51fa<\/summary>\n<pre><code class=\"line-numbers\">keruone@Ubuntu20:~\/xuehao$ gcc a.c --verbose\nUsing built-in specs.\nCOLLECT_GCC=gcc\nCOLLECT_LTO_WRAPPER=\/usr\/lib\/gcc\/x86_64-linux-gnu\/9\/lto-wrapper\nOFFLOAD_TARGET_NAMES=nvptx-none:hsa\nOFFLOAD_TARGET_DEFAULT=1\nTarget: x86_64-linux-gnu\nConfigured with: ..\/src\/configure -v --with-pkgversion='Ubuntu 9.4.0-1ubuntu1~20.04.3' --with-bugurl=file:\/\/\/usr\/share\/doc\/gcc-9\/README.Bugs --enable-languages=c,ada,c++,go,brig,d,fortran,objc,obj-c++,gm2 --prefix=\/usr --with-gcc-major-version-only --program-suffix=-9 --program-prefix=x86_64-linux-gnu- --enable-shared --enable-linker-build-id --libexecdir=\/usr\/lib --without-included-gettext --enable-threads=posix --libdir=\/usr\/lib --enable-nls --enable-clocale=gnu --enable-libstdcxx-debug --enable-libstdcxx-time=yes --with-default-libstdcxx-abi=new --enable-gnu-unique-object --disable-vtable-verify --enable-plugin --enable-default-pie --with-system-zlib --with-target-system-zlib=auto --enable-objc-gc=auto --enable-multiarch --disable-werror --with-arch-32=i686 --with-abi=m64 --with-multilib-list=m32,m64,mx32 --enable-multilib --with-tune=generic --enable-offload-targets=nvptx-none=\/build\/gcc-9-05ho5U\/gcc-9-9.4.0\/debian\/tmp-nvptx\/usr,hsa --without-cuda-driver --enable-checking=release --build=x86_64-linux-gnu --host=x86_64-linux-gnu --target=x86_64-linux-gnu\nThread model: posix\ngcc version 9.4.0 (Ubuntu 9.4.0-1ubuntu1~20.04.3) \nCOLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-v' '-mtune=generic' '-march=x86-64'\n \/usr\/lib\/gcc\/x86_64-linux-gnu\/9\/cc1 -quiet -v -imultiarch x86_64-linux-gnu a.c -quiet -dumpbase a.c -mtune=generic -march=x86-64 -auxbase a -version -fasynchronous-unwind-tables -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Wformat-security -fstack-clash-protection -fcf-protection -o \/tmp\/ccOmYDRk.s\nGNU C17 (Ubuntu 9.4.0-1ubuntu1~20.04.3) version 9.4.0 (x86_64-linux-gnu)\n    compiled by GNU C version 9.4.0, GMP version 6.2.0, MPFR version 4.0.2, MPC version 1.1.0, isl version isl-0.22.1-GMP\n\nGGC heuristics: --param ggc-min-expand=100 --param ggc-min-heapsize=131072\nignoring nonexistent directory \"\/usr\/local\/include\/x86_64-linux-gnu\"\nignoring nonexistent directory \"\/usr\/lib\/gcc\/x86_64-linux-gnu\/9\/include-fixed\"\nignoring nonexistent directory \"\/usr\/lib\/gcc\/x86_64-linux-gnu\/9\/..\/..\/..\/..\/x86_64-linux-gnu\/include\"\n#include \"...\" search starts here:\n#include &lt;...&gt; search starts here:\n \/usr\/lib\/gcc\/x86_64-linux-gnu\/9\/include\n \/usr\/local\/include\n \/usr\/include\/x86_64-linux-gnu\n \/usr\/include\nEnd of search list.\nGNU C17 (Ubuntu 9.4.0-1ubuntu1~20.04.3) version 9.4.0 (x86_64-linux-gnu)\n    compiled by GNU C version 9.4.0, GMP version 6.2.0, MPFR version 4.0.2, MPC version 1.1.0, isl version isl-0.22.1-GMP\n\nGGC heuristics: --param ggc-min-expand=100 --param ggc-min-heapsize=131072\nCompiler executable checksum: d50f9baaf86b1ab1ea2b5e982c779df7\nCOLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-v' '-mtune=generic' '-march=x86-64'\n as -v --64 -o \/tmp\/cc6jqJDl.o \/tmp\/ccOmYDRk.s\nGNU\u6c47\u7f16\u7248\u672c 2.34 (x86_64-linux-gnu) \u4f7f\u7528BFD\u7248\u672c (GNU Binutils for Ubuntu) 2.34\nCOMPILER_PATH=\/usr\/lib\/gcc\/x86_64-linux-gnu\/9\/:\/usr\/lib\/gcc\/x86_64-linux-gnu\/9\/:\/usr\/lib\/gcc\/x86_64-linux-gnu\/:\/usr\/lib\/gcc\/x86_64-linux-gnu\/9\/:\/usr\/lib\/gcc\/x86_64-linux-gnu\/\nLIBRARY_PATH=\/usr\/lib\/gcc\/x86_64-linux-gnu\/9\/:\/usr\/lib\/gcc\/x86_64-linux-gnu\/9\/..\/..\/..\/x86_64-linux-gnu\/:\/usr\/lib\/gcc\/x86_64-linux-gnu\/9\/..\/..\/..\/..\/lib\/:\/lib\/x86_64-linux-gnu\/:\/lib\/..\/lib\/:\/usr\/lib\/x86_64-linux-gnu\/:\/usr\/lib\/..\/lib\/:\/usr\/lib\/gcc\/x86_64-linux-gnu\/9\/..\/..\/..\/:\/lib\/:\/usr\/lib\/\nCOLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-v' '-mtune=generic' '-march=x86-64'\n \/usr\/lib\/gcc\/x86_64-linux-gnu\/9\/collect2 -plugin \/usr\/lib\/gcc\/x86_64-linux-gnu\/9\/liblto_plugin.so -plugin-opt=\/usr\/lib\/gcc\/x86_64-linux-gnu\/9\/lto-wrapper -plugin-opt=-fresolution=\/tmp\/ccx8hAck.res -plugin-opt=-pass-through=-lgcc -plugin-opt=-pass-through=-lgcc_s -plugin-opt=-pass-through=-lc -plugin-opt=-pass-through=-lgcc -plugin-opt=-pass-through=-lgcc_s --build-id --eh-frame-hdr -m elf_x86_64 --hash-style=gnu --as-needed -dynamic-linker \/lib64\/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 -pie -z now -z relro \/usr\/lib\/gcc\/x86_64-linux-gnu\/9\/..\/..\/..\/x86_64-linux-gnu\/Scrt1.o \/usr\/lib\/gcc\/x86_64-linux-gnu\/9\/..\/..\/..\/x86_64-linux-gnu\/crti.o \/usr\/lib\/gcc\/x86_64-linux-gnu\/9\/crtbeginS.o -L\/usr\/lib\/gcc\/x86_64-linux-gnu\/9 -L\/usr\/lib\/gcc\/x86_64-linux-gnu\/9\/..\/..\/..\/x86_64-linux-gnu -L\/usr\/lib\/gcc\/x86_64-linux-gnu\/9\/..\/..\/..\/..\/lib -L\/lib\/x86_64-linux-gnu -L\/lib\/..\/lib -L\/usr\/lib\/x86_64-linux-gnu -L\/usr\/lib\/..\/lib -L\/usr\/lib\/gcc\/x86_64-linux-gnu\/9\/..\/..\/.. \/tmp\/cc6jqJDl.o -lgcc --push-state --as-needed -lgcc_s --pop-state -lc -lgcc --push-state --as-needed -lgcc_s --pop-state \/usr\/lib\/gcc\/x86_64-linux-gnu\/9\/crtendS.o \/usr\/lib\/gcc\/x86_64-linux-gnu\/9\/..\/..\/..\/x86_64-linux-gnu\/crtn.o\nCOLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-v' '-mtune=generic' '-march=x86-64'\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>\u89e3\u91ca\u53ca\u53c2\u6570\u542b\u4e49<\/summary>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u539f\u59cb\u8f93\u51fa<\/th>\n<th>\u89e3\u91ca\u53ca\u53c2\u6570\u542b\u4e49<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><code>keruone@Ubuntu20:~\/xuehao$ gcc a.c --verbose<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\u4f7f\u7528 <code>gcc<\/code> \u7f16\u8bd1 <code>a.c<\/code> \u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u542f\u7528\u8be6\u7ec6\u8f93\u51fa\u6a21\u5f0f\uff08<code>--verbose<\/code>\uff09\u3002<br \/>&#8211; <code>--verbose<\/code>\uff1a\u663e\u793a\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u7f16\u8bd1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><code>Using built-in specs.<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\u4f7f\u7528 GCC \u5185\u7f6e\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u914d\u7f6e\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><code>COLLECT_GCC=gcc<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\u5f53\u524d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684 GCC \u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><code>COLLECT_LTO_WRAPPER=\/usr\/lib\/gcc\/x86_64-linux-gnu\/9\/lto-wrapper<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\u4f7f\u7528\u7684 LTO\uff08\u94fe\u63a5\u65f6\u4f18\u5316\uff09\u5305\u88c5\u5668\u8def\u5f84\u3002<br \/>&#8211; <code>LTO<\/code>\uff1a\u94fe\u63a5\u65f6\u4f18\u5316\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u5728\u94fe\u63a5\u9636\u6bb5\u8fdb\u884c\u8de8\u6a21\u5757\u4f18\u5316\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><code>OFFLOAD_TARGET_NAMES=nvptx-none:hsa<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\u652f\u6301\u7684\u5378\u8f7d\u76ee\u6807\uff08\u5982 GPU \u52a0\u901f\uff09\u3002<br \/>&#8211; <code>nvptx-none<\/code>\uff1aNVIDIA PTX \u5378\u8f7d\u76ee\u6807\u3002<br \/>&#8211; <code>hsa<\/code>\uff1a\u5f02\u6784\u7cfb\u7edf\u67b6\u6784\u5378\u8f7d\u76ee\u6807\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><code>OFFLOAD_TARGET_DEFAULT=1<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\u9ed8\u8ba4\u542f\u7528\u5378\u8f7d\u76ee\u6807\u652f\u6301\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><code>Target: x86_64-linux-gnu<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\u76ee\u6807\u5e73\u53f0\u4e3a x86_64 \u67b6\u6784\u7684 Linux \u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><code>Configured with: ..\/src\/configure -v ...<\/code><\/td>\n<td>GCC \u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u652f\u6301\u7684\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u3001\u8def\u5f84\u3001\u4f18\u5316\u9009\u9879\u7b49\u3002<br \/>&#8211; <code>--enable-languages<\/code>\uff1a\u652f\u6301\u7684\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\uff08\u5982 C\u3001C++ \u7b49\uff09\u3002<br \/>&#8211; <code>--prefix<\/code>\uff1a\u5b89\u88c5\u8def\u5f84\u3002<br \/>&#8211; <code>--enable-shared<\/code>\uff1a\u542f\u7528\u5171\u4eab\u5e93\u652f\u6301\u3002<br \/>&#8211; <code>--enable-threads=posix<\/code>\uff1a\u542f\u7528 POSIX \u7ebf\u7a0b\u652f\u6301\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><code>Thread model: posix<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6a21\u578b\u4e3a POSIX \u7ebf\u7a0b\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><code>gcc version 9.4.0 (Ubuntu 9.4.0-1ubuntu1~20.04.3)<\/code><\/td>\n<td>GCC \u7248\u672c\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><code>COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-v' '-mtune=generic' '-march=x86-64'<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\u5f53\u524d GCC \u8c03\u7528\u7684\u7f16\u8bd1\u9009\u9879\u3002<br \/>&#8211; <code>-v<\/code>\uff1a\u663e\u793a\u8be6\u7ec6\u8f93\u51fa\u3002<br \/>&#8211; <code>-mtune=generic<\/code>\uff1a\u4f18\u5316\u4ee3\u7801\u4ee5\u9002\u5e94\u901a\u7528 CPU \u67b6\u6784\u3002<br \/>&#8211; <code>-march=x86-64<\/code>\uff1a\u751f\u6210\u9488\u5bf9 x86-64 \u67b6\u6784\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><code>\/usr\/lib\/gcc\/x86_64-linux-gnu\/9\/cc1 -quiet -v ...<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\u8c03\u7528 GCC \u7684 C \u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u524d\u7aef <code>cc1<\/code>\uff0c\u5c06 <code>a.c<\/code> \u7f16\u8bd1\u4e3a\u6c47\u7f16\u4ee3\u7801 <code>\/tmp\/ccOmYDRk.s<\/code>\u3002<br \/>&#8211; <code>-quiet<\/code>\uff1a\u51cf\u5c11\u8f93\u51fa\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<br \/>&#8211; <code>-v<\/code>\uff1a\u663e\u793a\u8be6\u7ec6\u8f93\u51fa\u3002<br \/>&#8211; <code>-dumpbase<\/code>\uff1a\u6307\u5b9a\u751f\u6210\u7684\u6c47\u7f16\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u540d\u79f0\u3002<br \/>&#8211; <code>-mtune=generic<\/code>\uff1a\u4f18\u5316\u4ee3\u7801\u4ee5\u9002\u5e94\u901a\u7528 CPU \u67b6\u6784\u3002<br \/>&#8211; <code>-march=x86-64<\/code>\uff1a\u751f\u6210\u9488\u5bf9 x86-64 \u67b6\u6784\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><code>GNU C17 (Ubuntu 9.4.0-1ubuntu1~20.04.3) version 9.4.0 ...<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\u4f7f\u7528\u7684 C \u8bed\u8a00\u6807\u51c6\u4e3a C17\uff0c\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u7248\u672c\u4e3a 9.4.0\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><code>GGC heuristics: --param ggc-min-expand=100 --param ggc-min-heapsize=131072<\/code><\/td>\n<td>GCC \u7684\u5783\u573e\u56de\u6536\u542f\u53d1\u5f0f\u53c2\u6570\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002<br \/>&#8211; <code>ggc-min-expand<\/code>\uff1a\u63a7\u5236\u5783\u573e\u56de\u6536\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u6269\u5c55\u6bd4\u4f8b\u3002<br \/>&#8211; <code>ggc-min-heapsize<\/code>\uff1a\u63a7\u5236\u5783\u573e\u56de\u6536\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u5806\u5927\u5c0f\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><code>ignoring nonexistent directory ...<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\u5ffd\u7565\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u8def\u5f84\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><code>#include \"...\" search starts here:<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\u5f00\u59cb\u641c\u7d22\u7528\u6237\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u5934\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><code>#include &lt;...&gt; search starts here:<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\u5f00\u59cb\u641c\u7d22\u7cfb\u7edf\u5934\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><code>\/usr\/lib\/gcc\/x86_64-linux-gnu\/9\/include<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\u7cfb\u7edf\u5934\u6587\u4ef6\u641c\u7d22\u8def\u5f84\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><code>\/usr\/local\/include<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\u7cfb\u7edf\u5934\u6587\u4ef6\u641c\u7d22\u8def\u5f84\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><code>\/usr\/include\/x86_64-linux-gnu<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\u7cfb\u7edf\u5934\u6587\u4ef6\u641c\u7d22\u8def\u5f84\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><code>\/usr\/include<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\u7cfb\u7edf\u5934\u6587\u4ef6\u641c\u7d22\u8def\u5f84\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><code>End of search list.<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\u5934\u6587\u4ef6\u641c\u7d22\u8def\u5f84\u7ed3\u675f\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><code>Compiler executable checksum: d50f9baaf86b1ab1ea2b5e982c779df7<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6821\u9a8c\u548c\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><code>as -v --64 -o \/tmp\/cc6jqJDl.o \/tmp\/ccOmYDRk.s<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\u8c03\u7528\u6c47\u7f16\u5668 <code>as<\/code>\uff0c\u5c06\u6c47\u7f16\u4ee3\u7801 <code>\/tmp\/ccOmYDRk.s<\/code> \u7f16\u8bd1\u4e3a\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6 <code>\/tmp\/cc6jqJDl.o<\/code>\u3002<br \/>&#8211; <code>-v<\/code>\uff1a\u663e\u793a\u8be6\u7ec6\u8f93\u51fa\u3002<br \/>&#8211; <code>--64<\/code>\uff1a\u751f\u6210 64 \u4f4d\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<br \/>&#8211; <code>-o<\/code>\uff1a\u6307\u5b9a\u8f93\u51fa\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><code>GNU\u6c47\u7f16\u7248\u672c 2.34 (x86_64-linux-gnu) \u4f7f\u7528BFD\u7248\u672c (GNU Binutils for Ubuntu) 2.34<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6c47\u7f16\u5668\u7248\u672c\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><code>COMPILER_PATH=\/usr\/lib\/gcc\/x86_64-linux-gnu\/9\/:\/usr\/lib\/gcc\/x86_64-linux-gnu\/9\/:\/usr\/lib\/gcc\/x86_64-linux-gnu\/:\/usr\/lib\/gcc\/x86_64-linux-gnu\/9\/:\/usr\/lib\/gcc\/x86_64-linux-gnu\/<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u5de5\u5177\u94fe\u7684\u641c\u7d22\u8def\u5f84\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><code>LIBRARY_PATH=\/usr\/lib\/gcc\/x86_64-linux-gnu\/9\/:\/usr\/lib\/gcc\/x86_64-linux-gnu\/9\/..\/..\/..\/x86_64-linux-gnu\/:\/usr\/lib\/gcc\/x86_64-linux-gnu\/9\/..\/..\/..\/..\/lib\/:\/lib\/x86_64-linux-gnu\/:\/lib\/..\/lib\/:\/usr\/lib\/x86_64-linux-gnu\/:\/usr\/lib\/..\/lib\/:\/usr\/lib\/gcc\/x86_64-linux-gnu\/9\/..\/..\/..\/:\/lib\/:\/usr\/lib\/<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\u5e93\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u641c\u7d22\u8def\u5f84\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><code>\/usr\/lib\/gcc\/x86_64-linux-gnu\/9\/collect2 ...<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\u8c03\u7528\u94fe\u63a5\u5668 <code>collect2<\/code>\uff0c\u5c06\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6 <code>\/tmp\/cc6jqJDl.o<\/code> \u94fe\u63a5\u4e3a\u6700\u7ec8\u7684\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<br \/>&#8211; <code>-plugin<\/code>\uff1a\u6307\u5b9a LTO \u63d2\u4ef6\u3002<br \/>&#8211; <code>-plugin-opt<\/code>\uff1a\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9\u63d2\u4ef6\u7684\u9009\u9879\u3002<br \/>&#8211; <code>-dynamic-linker<\/code>\uff1a\u6307\u5b9a\u52a8\u6001\u94fe\u63a5\u5668\u3002<br \/>&#8211; <code>-pie<\/code>\uff1a\u751f\u6210\u4f4d\u7f6e\u65e0\u5173\u7684\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<br \/>&#8211; <code>-z now<\/code>\uff1a\u542f\u7528\u7acb\u5373\u7ed1\u5b9a\u3002<br \/>&#8211; <code>-z relro<\/code>\uff1a\u542f\u7528\u53ea\u8bfb\u91cd\u5b9a\u4f4d\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><code>COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-v' '-mtune=generic' '-march=x86-64'<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\u6700\u7ec8 GCC \u8c03\u7528\u7684\u7f16\u8bd1\u9009\u9879\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/details>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2>\u5947\u602a\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\u8f93\u51fa\u4e3a\u4f55\uff1f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre><code class=\"line-numbers\">extern int printf(const char *__restrict __format, ...);\n\nint main(){\n    #if aa == bb\n        printf(\"YES\\n\");\n    #else\n        printf(\"NO\\n\");\n    #endif\n}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u89e3\u6790\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;`#if aa == bb\uff1a&#8220;`\u4e2d&#8220;`#if&#8220;` \u662f C \u9884\u5904\u7406\u5668\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u6761\u4ef6\u7f16\u8bd1\u3002&#8220;`aa&#8220;` \u548c &#8220;`bb&#8220;` \u662f\u672a\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u5b8f\u3002\u800c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u672a\u5b9a\u4e49\u5b8f\uff0c\u5728\u9884\u5904\u7406\u5668\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f1a\u88ab\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a &#8220;`0&#8220;`\u3002<br \/>\n\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c&#8220;`aa&#8220;` \u548c &#8220;`bb&#8220;` \u90fd\u88ab\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a &#8220;`0&#8220;`\uff0c\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f &#8220;`aa == bb&#8220;` \u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e &#8220;`0 == 0&#8220;`\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4e3a\u771f&#8220;`\uff081\uff09&#8220;`\u3002<br \/>\n\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u9884\u5904\u7406\u5668\u4f1a\u5c06 &#8220;`#if aa == bb&#8220;` \u540e\u9762\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u5757 &#8220;`printf(&#8220;YES\\n&#8221;);&#8220;` \u4fdd\u7559\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u800c &#8220;`#else&#8220;` \u540e\u9762\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u5757 &#8220;`printf(&#8220;NO\\n&#8221;);&#8220;` \u4f1a\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7f16\u8bd1\u7ed3\u679c\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"line-numbers\">\/\/#include &lt;stdio.h&gt;\nextern int printf(const char *__restrict __format, ...);\n\nint main(){\n    #if aa == bb\n        printf(\"YES\\n\");\n    #else\n        printf(\"NO\\n\");\n    #endif\n}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h2>\u5b8f\u5c55\u5f00<\/h2>\n<p>\u5373\u901a\u8fc7\u590d\u5236\u9ecf\u8d34\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u66ff\u6362\u5b8f\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u6ca1\u6709\u5b8f\u53ef\u4ee5\u518d\u5c55\u5f00<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"line-numbers\">#include&lt;stdio.h&gt;\n#define NAMES(x)\\\n    x(Tom) x(Jerry) x(Spike)\n\nint main(){\n    #define PRINT(x) puts(\"Hello, \" #x \"!\");    \/\/#x \u8868\u793a\u5c06 x \u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\n    NAMES(PRINT)\n}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4f7f\u7528 Markdown \u683c\u5f0f\u6574\u7406\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff1a<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>C \u7a0b\u5e8f\u6267\u884c\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u89c6\u89d2<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u9759\u6001<\/strong>\uff1aC \u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u4e00\u6bb5\u603b\u80fd\u5bf9\u5e94\u5230\u4e00\u6bb5\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u673a\u5668\u6307\u4ee4\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u52a8\u6001<\/strong>\uff1aC \u4ee3\u7801\u6267\u884c\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u603b\u80fd\u5bf9\u5e94\u5230\u673a\u5668\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u89c6\u89d2<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\u51fd\u6570\u3001\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u6307\u9488\u2026\u2026<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u673a\u5668\u6307\u4ee4\u89c6\u89d2<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u3001\u5730\u5740\u2026\u2026<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u4e24\u4e2a\u89c6\u89d2\u7684\u5171\u540c\u4e4b\u5904\uff1a\u5185\u5b58<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4ee3\u7801\u3001\u53d8\u91cf\uff08\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u89c6\u89d2\uff09= \u5730\u5740 + \u957f\u5ea6\uff08\u673a\u5668\u6307\u4ee4\u89c6\u89d2\uff09<\/li>\n<li>(\u4e0d\u5927\u4e8e\u903b\u8f91) \u5185\u5b58 = \u4ee3\u7801 + \u6570\u636e + \u5806\u6808\n<ul>\n<li>\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7406\u89e3 C \u7a0b\u5e8f\u6267\u884c\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u5185\u5b58\u6a21\u578b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u4e00\u5207\u7686\u53ef\u53d6\u5730\u5740<\/h3>\n<h4>\u4ee3\u7801\u6848\u4f8b1<\/h4>\n<pre><code class=\"line-numbers\">void printptr(void *p) {\n  printf(\"p = %p;  *p = %016lx\\n\", p, *(long *)p);\n}\nint x;\nint main(int argc, char *argv[]) {\n  printptr(main);  \/\/ \u4ee3\u7801\n  printptr(&amp;main);\n  printptr(&amp;x);    \/\/ \u6570\u636e\n  printptr(&amp;argc); \/\/ \u5806\u6808\n  printptr(argv);\n  printptr(&amp;argv);\n  printptr(argv[0]);\n}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u8f93\u51fa\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"line-numbers\">p = 0x55678f95d17b;  *p = e5894855fa1e0ff3\np = 0x55678f95d17b;  *p = e5894855fa1e0ff3\np = 0x55678f960014;  *p = 0000000000000000\np = 0x7ffcab646dbc;  *p = 0000000000000001\np = 0x7ffcab646eb8;  *p = 00007ffcab647302\np = 0x7ffcab646db0;  *p = 00007ffcab646eb8\np = 0x7ffcab647302;  *p = 0074756f2e642f2e\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h4>\u4ee3\u7801\u6848\u4f8b2<\/h4>\n<pre><code class=\"line-numbers\">int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {\n  int (*f)(int, char *[]) = main;\n  if (argc != 0) {\n    char ***a = &amp;argv, *first = argv[0], ch = argv[0][0];\n    printf(\"arg = \\\"%s\\\";  ch = '%c'\\n\", first, ch);\n    assert(***a == ch);\n    f(argc - 1, argv + 1);\n  }\n}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<blockquote><p>\n  \u5176\u4e2dargc\u662f\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u4e2a\u6570\uff0cargv\u662f\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u3002\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\u4e0b\u9762\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u8c03\u7528\u6848\u4f8b\uff0c\u5e76\u89e3\u91ca\u4ec0\u4e48\u53c2\u6570\u7ed9\u5230argc\uff0c\u4ec0\u4e48\u53c2\u6570\u7ed9\u5230argv\uff08\u5047\u8bbe\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u4e3atest.out\uff09<br \/>\n.\/test.out hello world<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\n  \u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u8fd0\u884c <code>.\/test.out hello world<\/code> \u65f6\uff0c\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u4e2a\u6570 argc \u4e3a 3\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u662f\uff1a<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\n    <code>.\/test.out<\/code>\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u662f\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u540d\u79f0\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u4e2d\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u3002<br \/>\n    <code>hello<\/code>\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u662f <code>hello<\/code>\u3002<br \/>\n    <code>world<\/code>\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u662f <code>world<\/code>\u3002\n  <\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>  argc\u4f1a\u8bb0\u5f55\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u4e2a\u6570\uff0cargv\u4f1a\u8bb0\u5f55\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u3002\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u8f93\u5165<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"line-numbers\">$ .\/test.out hello world\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u8f93\u51fa\u4e3a<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"line-numbers\">arg = \".\/c.out\";  ch = '.' \narg = \"Hello\";  ch = 'H' \narg = \"Word\";  ch = 'W'\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u8fd9\u6bb5\u4ee3\u7801\u7684argc\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u53ef\u89c6\u4e3a32\u4f4d(4\u5b57\u8282)\uff0cargv\u53c2\u6570\u4e3a\u6307\u9488\u6240\u4ee5\u5b58\u50a8\u4e3a64\u4f4d(8\u5b57\u8282)\u3002<br \/>\nQ: \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48 ***a <span class=\"text-highlighted-inline\" style=\"background-color: #fffd38;\"> ch\uff1f<\/span><\/p>\n<p>A:<br \/>\n1. char <em><strong>a = &amp;argv\uff1a<br \/>\nargv \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a char ** \u7c7b\u578b\uff08\u6307\u5411\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u6307\u9488\uff09\u3002<br \/>\n&amp;argv \u662f argv \u7684\u5730\u5740\uff0c<\/strong>\u56e0\u6b64 a \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a char *** \u7c7b\u578b\uff08\u6307\u5411 argv \u7684\u6307\u9488\uff09<strong>\u3002<br \/>\n2. ***a \u7684\u89e3\u5f15\u7528\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff1a<br \/>\na \u662f char *** \u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u6307\u5411 argv\u3002<br \/>\n*a \u662f argv \u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u7c7b\u578b\u4e3a char **\u3002<br \/>\n**a \u662f argv[0]\uff0c\u7c7b\u578b\u4e3a char *\uff08\u6307\u5411\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u6307\u9488\uff09\u3002<br \/>\n***a \u662f argv[0][0]\uff0c\u7c7b\u578b\u4e3a char\uff08\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\uff09\u3002<br \/>\n3. ch \u7684\u503c\uff1a<br \/>\n   ch \u662f argv[0][0]\uff0c\u5373\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u3002<br \/>\n4. assert(<\/strong><\/em>a <span class=\"text-highlighted-inline\" style=\"background-color: #fffd38;\"> ch)\uff1a<br \/>\n<strong><em>a \u89e3\u5f15\u7528\u540e\u5f97\u5230 argv[0][0]\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f ch\u3002<br \/>\n\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c<\/em><\/strong>a <\/span> ch \u6052\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u65ad\u8a00\u603b\u662f\u4e3a\u771f\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>\u5176\u5b83\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li>\u5220\u9664\u5f53\u524d\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u4e0b\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\uff1a\n<pre><code class=\"line-numbers\">rm -rf .\/*\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u67e5\u770b\u4e0a\u4e00\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\u7684 \u9000\u51fa\u72b6\u6001\u7801\n<pre><code class=\"line-numbers\">echo $?\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<li>Vim \u7f16\u8f91\u5668\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u9009\u4e2d\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u4ee5 \u5341\u516d\u8fdb\u5236\u683c\u5f0f \u663e\u793a\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u529f\u80fd\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u67e5\u770b\u6216\u7f16\u8f91\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\n<pre><code class=\"line-numbers\">:%!xxd\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<ol start=\"4\">\n<li><code>vi $(fzf)<\/code> \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ed3\u5408\u4e86 <code>vi<\/code> \u7f16\u8f91\u5668\u548c <code>fzf<\/code>\uff08\u6a21\u7cca\u67e5\u627e\u5de5\u5177\uff09\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u901a\u8fc7\u6a21\u7cca\u67e5\u627e\u9009\u62e9\u6587\u4ef6\u5e76\u7528 <code>vi<\/code> \u6253\u5f00<br \/>\n\u793a\u4f8b<br \/>\n\u5047\u8bbe\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u6709\u5982\u4e0b\u6587\u4ef6\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"line-numbers\">file1.txt\nfile2.txt\nfile3.txt\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u8fd0\u884c `vi $(fzf)` \u540e\uff1a<br \/>\n`fzf` \u4f1a\u5217\u51fa `file1.txt`\u3001`file2.txt` \u548c `file3.txt`\u3002<br \/>\n\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f93\u5165 `file2` \u6765\u5feb\u901f\u5b9a\u4f4d `file2.txt`\u3002<br \/>\n\u6309\u4e0b\u56de\u8f66\u540e\uff0c`vi` \u4f1a\u6253\u5f00 `file2.txt`\u3002\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u7ba1\u9053\u548c <code>wc<\/code> \u547d\u4ee4\n<pre><code class=\"line-numbers\">cat file.txt | wc -l\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<ul>\n<li><code>cat file.txt<\/code>\uff1a\u8f93\u51fa <code>file.txt<\/code> \u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/li>\n<li><code>|<\/code>\uff1a\u7ba1\u9053\u7b26\uff0c\u5c06\u524d\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u4f5c\u4e3a\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u3002<\/li>\n<li><code>wc -l<\/code>\uff1a\u7edf\u8ba1\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u884c\u6570\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<br \/>\n\u5982\u679c <code>file.txt<\/code> \u5185\u5bb9\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"line-numbers\">Line 1\nLine 2\nLine 3\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u8fd0\u884c `cat file.txt | wc -l` \u540e\uff0c\u8f93\u51fa\u7ed3\u679c\u4e3a `3`\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u6587\u4ef6\u6709 3 \u884c\u3002\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7cfb\u7edf\u57fa\u7840 \u8bfe\u7a0b\u7b14\u8bb0 Keruone 2025-1-23 \u8bfe\u7a0bPPT \u8bfe\u7a0b\u89c6\u9891 \u7f16\u8bd1\u8fc7\u7a0b \u6e90\u6587\u4ef6 \u7f16\u8bd1\u65b9\u6cd5 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[16,14,15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-225","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-cs-basic-note","category-nju-cs","category-self-study"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.keruone.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/225","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.keruone.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.keruone.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.keruone.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.keruone.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=225"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/blog.keruone.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/225\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":233,"href":"https:\/\/blog.keruone.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/225\/revisions\/233"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.keruone.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=225"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.keruone.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=225"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.keruone.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=225"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}